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in succession to his uncle

  • 1 succession

    noun
    1) Folge, die

    four games/years etc. in succession — vier Spiele/Jahre usw. hintereinander

    in close succession(in space) dicht hintereinander; (in time) kurz hintereinander

    2) (series) Serie, die

    a succession of losses/visitors — eine Verlust-/Besucherserie

    3) (right of succeeding to the throne etc.) Erbfolge, die

    he is second in successioner ist Zweiter in der Erbfolge

    in succession to his uncleals Nachfolger seines Onkels

    * * *
    [sək'seʃən]
    1) (the right of succeeding to a throne as king, to a title etc: The Princess is fifth in (order of) succession (to the throne).) die Nachfolge
    2) (a number of things following after one another: a succession of bad harvests.) die Folge
    3) (the act or process of following and taking the place of someone or something else: his succession to the throne.) die Nachfolge
    * * *
    suc·ces·sion
    [səkˈseʃən]
    1. (sequence) Folge f, Reihe f; of events, things also Serie f
    she is the latest in a \succession of girl-friends sie ist die Neuste in einer langen Reihe von Freundinnen
    an endless \succession of visitors eine endlose Folge [o Reihe] von Besuchern
    a \succession of rulers aufeinanderfolgende Herrscher
    \succession of scandals Skandalserie f, Reihe f von Skandalen
    in \succession hintereinander, nacheinander
    in close [or quick] [or rapid] \succession dicht [o kurz] hintereinander
    2. (line of inheritance) Nachfolge f, Erbfolge f
    \succession to the throne Thronfolge f
    * * *
    [sək'seSən]
    n
    1) Folge f, Serie f; (with no intervening period) (Aufeinander)folge f, Kette f

    a succession of visitors —

    in succession — nacheinander, hintereinander

    in quick or rapid succession — in rascher Folge, schnell hintereinander

    2) (to post) Nachfolge f; (to throne) Thronfolge f; (to title, estate) Erbfolge f

    in succession to sbals jds Nachfolger(in) m(f), in jds Nachfolge (dat) (geh)

    fourth in (line of) succession to the thronean vierter Stelle in der Thronfolge

    See:
    academic.ru/3167/apostolic">apostolic
    * * *
    succession [səkˈseʃn] s
    1. (Aufeinander-, Reihen)Folge f:
    in succession nach-, auf-, hintereinander;
    in quick ( oder rapid) succession in rascher (Aufeinander)Folge
    2. Reihe f, Kette f, (ununterbrochene) Folge (of gen oder von):
    a succession of sunny days mehrere Sonnentage hintereinander
    3. Nach-, Erbfolge f, Sukzession f:
    in succession to George II als Nachfolger von Georg II.;
    be next in succession to sb als Nächster auf jemanden folgen;
    succession to an office Übernahme f eines Amtes, Nachfolge in einem Amt;
    succession state POL Nachfolgestaat m; apostolic 1, intestacy, intestate A 2, Spanish A
    4. JUR
    a) Rechtsnachfolge f
    b) Erbfolge f
    c) Erbfolgeordnung f
    e) succession to Übernahme f oder Antritt m (eines Erbes);
    succession duties pl Erbschaftssteuer f (für unbewegliches Vermögen);
    5. koll
    a) Nachfolger pl
    b) Nachkommenschaft f
    c) Erben pl
    6. BIOL Abstammungsfolge f (einer Art etc)
    7. BOT Sukzession f
    * * *
    noun
    1) Folge, die

    four games/years etc. in succession — vier Spiele/Jahre usw. hintereinander

    in close succession (in space) dicht hintereinander; (in time) kurz hintereinander

    2) (series) Serie, die

    a succession of losses/visitors — eine Verlust-/Besucherserie

    3) (right of succeeding to the throne etc.) Erbfolge, die
    * * *
    n.
    Abfolge -n f.
    Aufeinanderfolge f.
    Erbfolge -n f.
    Folge -n f.

    English-german dictionary > succession

  • 2 Maxim, Sir Hiram Stevens

    [br]
    b. 5 February 1840 Brockway's Mills, Maine, USA
    d. 24 November 1916 Streatham, London, England
    [br]
    American (naturalized British) inventor; designer of the first fully automatic machine gun and of an experimental steam-powered aircraft.
    [br]
    Maxim was born the son of a pioneer farmer who later became a wood turner. Young Maxim was first apprenticed to a carriage maker and then embarked on a succession of jobs before joining his uncle in his engineering firm in Massachusetts in 1864. As a young man he gained a reputation as a boxer, but it was his uncle who first identified and encouraged Hiram's latent talent for invention.
    It was not, however, until 1878, when Maxim joined the first electric-light company to be established in the USA, as its Chief Engineer, that he began to make a name for himself. He developed an improved light filament and his electric pressure regulator not only won a prize at the first International Electrical Exhibition, held in Paris in 1881, but also resulted in his being made a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur. While in Europe he was advised that weapons development was a more lucrative field than electricity; consequently, he moved to England and established a small laboratory at Hatton Garden, London. He began by investigating improvements to the Gatling gun in order to produce a weapon with a faster rate of fire and which was more accurate. In 1883, by adapting a Winchester carbine, he successfully produced a semi-automatic weapon, which used the recoil to cock the gun automatically after firing. The following year he took this concept a stage further and produced a fully automatic belt-fed weapon. The recoil drove barrel and breechblock to the vent. The barrel then halted, while the breechblock, now unlocked from the former, continued rearwards, extracting the spent case and recocking the firing mechanism. The return spring, which it had been compressing, then drove the breechblock forward again, chambering the next round, which had been fed from the belt, as it did so. Keeping the trigger pressed enabled the gun to continue firing until the belt was expended. The Maxim gun, as it became known, was adopted by almost every army within the decade, and was to remain in service for nearly fifty years. Maxim himself joined forces with the large British armaments firm of Vickers, and the Vickers machine gun, which served the British Army during two world wars, was merely a refined version of the Maxim gun.
    Maxim's interests continued to occupy several fields of technology, including flight. In 1891 he took out a patent for a steam-powered aeroplane fitted with a pendulous gyroscopic stabilizer which would maintain the pitch of the aeroplane at any desired inclination (basically, a simple autopilot). Maxim decided to test the relationship between power, thrust and lift before moving on to stability and control. He designed a lightweight steam-engine which developed 180 hp (135 kW) and drove a propeller measuring 17 ft 10 in. (5.44 m) in diameter. He fitted two of these engines into his huge flying machine testrig, which needed a wing span of 104 ft (31.7 m) to generate enough lift to overcome a total weight of 4 tons. The machine was not designed for free flight, but ran on one set of rails with a second set to prevent it rising more than about 2 ft (61 cm). At Baldwyn's Park in Kent on 31 July 1894 the huge machine, carrying Maxim and his crew, reached a speed of 42 mph (67.6 km/h) and lifted off its rails. Unfortunately, one of the restraining axles broke and the machine was extensively damaged. Although it was subsequently repaired and further trials carried out, these experiments were very expensive. Maxim eventually abandoned the flying machine and did not develop his idea for a stabilizer, turning instead to other projects. At the age of almost 70 he returned to the problems of flight and designed a biplane with a petrol engine: it was built in 1910 but never left the ground.
    In all, Maxim registered 122 US and 149 British patents on objects ranging from mousetraps to automatic spindles. Included among them was a 1901 patent for a foot-operated suction cleaner. In 1900 he became a British subject and he was knighted the following year. He remained a larger-than-life figure, both physically and in character, until the end of his life.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur 1881. Knighted 1901.
    Bibliography
    1908, Natural and Artificial Flight, London. 1915, My Life, London: Methuen (autobiography).
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1916, Engineer (1 December).
    Obituary, 1916, Engineering (1 December).
    P.F.Mottelay, 1920, The Life and Work of Sir Hiram Maxim, London and New York: John Lane.
    Dictionary of National Biography, 1912–1921, 1927, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    CM / JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Maxim, Sir Hiram Stevens

  • 3 after

    1. adverb
    1) (later) danach
    2) (behind) hinterher
    2. preposition
    1) (following in time, as result of) nach
    2) (behind) hinter (+ Dat.)

    what are you after?was suchst du denn?; (to questioner) was willst du wirklich wissen?

    she's only after his moneysie ist nur hinter seinem Geld her

    3) (about)

    ask after somebody/something — nach jemandem/etwas fragen

    4) (next in importance to) nach
    5) (in spite of) nach
    * * *
    1. preposition
    1) (later in time or place than: After the car came a bus.) nach
    2) (following (often indicating repetition): one thing after another; night after night.) nach
    3) (behind: Shut the door after you!) hinter
    4) (in search or pursuit of: He ran after the bus.) hinter...her
    5) (considering: After all I've done you'd think he'd thank me; It's sad to fail after all that work.) nach
    6) ((American: in telling the time) past: It's a quarter after ten.) nach
    2. adverb
    (later in time or place: They arrived soon after.) danach
    3. conjunction
    (later than the time when: After she died we moved house twice.) nachdem
    - academic.ru/1091/aftermath">aftermath
    - afterthought
    - afterwards
    - after all
    - be after
    * * *
    af·ter
    [ˈɑ:ftəʳ, AM ˈæftɚ]
    I. prep
    1. (later time) nach + dat
    \after two weeks of vacationing nach zwei Wochen Ferien
    he always takes a nap \after lunch er macht nach dem Mittagessen immer einen kurzen Mittagsschlaf
    the day \after tomorrow übermorgen
    \after hours (in pubs) außerhalb der gesetzlich erlaubten Zeit, nach der Polizeistunde; (in shops) nach Ladenschluss; (working hours) nach Feierabend
    [a] quarter \after six AM [um] Viertel nach Sechs
    the week \after next übernächste Woche
    to be \after sb/sth hinter jdm/etw her sein
    you're chasing \after sth you can't have du jagst etwas hinterher, was du nicht haben kannst
    most of them are \after money die meisten von ihnen sind nur hinter dem Geld her [o auf das Geld aus
    3. (following) nach + dat
    the letter C comes \after B der Buchstabe C kommt nach B
    \after you! nach Ihnen!
    \after you with the butter! reichst du mir dann bitte auch die Butter?
    4. (many in succession) nach + dat
    day \after day Tag für Tag
    hour \after hour Stunde um Stunde
    time \after time immer wieder
    she ate one piece of cake \after another sie aß ein Stück Kuchen nach dem anderen
    5. (behind) nach + dat
    can you lock up \after you? können Sie zuschließen, wenn Sie gehen?
    he shut the door \after them er machte die Tür hinter ihnen zu
    she stared \after him in disbelief sie starrte ihm ungläubig nach
    6. (result of) nach + dat
    \after what he did to me, I'll never talk to him again nach dem, was er mir angetan hat, werde ich nie wieder ein Wort mit ihm wechseln
    7. (in honour of) nach + dat
    to name sb/sth \after sb/sth jdn/etw nach jdm/etw [be]nennen
    they named her Anne, \after her father's sister sie haben sie Anne genannt, nach der Schwester ihres Vaters
    8. (similar to) nach + dat
    a painting \after Picasso ein Gemälde im Stil von Picasso
    to take \after sb jdm nachschlagen
    she takes \after her mother sie kommt nach ihrer Mutter
    9. (about) nach + dat
    he inquired \after his uncle's health er erkundigte sich nach dem Befinden seines Onkels
    10. (in comparison to) verglichen mit + dat
    my children seem small \after his meine Kinder wirken klein verglichen mit seinen
    11.
    \after all (in spite of) trotz + dat
    \after all his efforts, he still failed the driving test trotz all seiner Bemühungen fiel er durch die Führerscheinprüfung
    he rang and told me that he couldn't come \after all er hat angerufen und mir gesagt, dass er doch nicht kommen könne; (giving reason) schließlich
    you are my husband, \after all du bist schließlich mein Mann
    she promised it, \after all sie hat es immerhin versprochen
    to be \after doing sth IRISH (going to do) dabei sein, etw zu tun; (just done) gerade etw getan haben
    II. conj nachdem
    I'll call you \after I take a shower ich rufe dich an, wenn ich geduscht habe
    right [or straight] [or immediately] \after sth unmittelbar nachdem...
    I went to the post office straight \after I left you ich bin direkt von dir zur Post gelaufen
    soon [or shortly] [or not long] \after sth kurz nachdem...
    soon \after we joined the motorway, the car started to make a strange noise wir waren noch nicht lange auf der Autobahn, da gab der Motor ein seltsames Geräusch von sich
    III. adv inv
    1. (at a later time) danach
    the day/week \after einen Tag/eine Woche danach [o darauf]
    shortly [or soon] \after kurz [o bald] darauf
    marriage, house, baby — and what comes \after? Hochzeit, Haus, Kinder — und was kommt dann?
    a mouse ran into the bushes and the cat ran \after eine Maus rannte in die Büsche und die Katze hinterher
    3. ( fam: afterwards) danach, nachher
    what are you going to do \after? was hast du danach noch vor?
    IV. adj inv, attr ( liter) später
    in \after years in späteren Jahren
    * * *
    I ['Aːftə(r)]
    adj attr (NAUT)
    Achter- II
    1. prep
    1) (time) nach (+dat)
    2) (order) nach (+dat), hinter (+dat); (in priorities etc) nach (+dat)

    I would put Keats after Shelley —

    after Germany, Japan is our biggest market — nach Deutschland ist Japan unser größter Markt

    3) (place) hinter (+dat)
    4) (= as a result of) nach (+dat)

    after what has happened — nach allem, was geschehen ist

    5)

    (= in spite of) to do sth after all — etw schließlich doch tun

    after all our efforts! — und das, nachdem or wo (inf) wir uns so viel Mühe gegeben haben!

    after all I've done for you! — und das nach allem, was ich für dich getan habe!

    after all, he is your brother —

    and to do this after I had warned him — und das, nachdem ich ihn gewarnt hatte

    6) (succession) nach (+dat)

    you tell me lie after lie — du erzählst mir eine Lüge nach der anderen, du belügst mich am laufenden Band

    one after the other — eine(r, s) nach der/dem anderen

    day after day —

    7) (manner = according to) nach (+dat)

    after El Greco — in der Art von El Greco, nach El Greco

    8)

    (pursuit, inquiry) to be after sb/sth — hinter jdm/etw her sein

    he's just after a free meal/a bit of excitement — er ist nur auf ein kostenloses Essen/ein bisschen Abwechslung aus

    2. adv
    (time, order) danach; (place, pursuit) hinterher

    for years/weeks after — noch Jahre/Wochen or jahrelang/wochenlang danach

    the year/week after — das Jahr/die Woche danach or darauf

    I'll be back some time the year afterich komme irgendwann im Jahr danach or im darauffolgenden Jahr wieder

    soon after —

    what comes after? the car drove off with the dog running after — was kommt danach or nachher? das Auto fuhr los und der Hund rannte hinterher

    3. conj
    nachdem

    after he had closed the door he began to speak — nachdem er die Tür geschlossen hatte, begann er zu sprechen

    what will you do after he's gone? — was machst du, wenn er weg ist?

    after finishing it I will... — wenn ich das fertig habe, werde ich...

    after arriving they went... — nachdem sie angekommen waren, gingen sie...

    4. adj
    5. n afters
    6. pl (Brit inf)
    Nachtisch m
    * * *
    after [ˈɑːftə; US ˈæftər]
    A adv nachher, hinterher, danach, darauf, später:
    for months after noch monatelang;
    during the weeks after in den (nach)folgenden Wochen;
    that comes after das kommt nachher;
    shortly after kurz danach; day Bes Redew
    B präp
    1. hinter (dat) … her, nach, hinter (dat):
    close the door after sb die Tür hinter jemandem zumachen;
    a) er kam hinter mir her,
    b) er kam nach mir;
    be after sb (sth) fig hinter jemandem (einer Sache) her sein;
    be after sth auch auf etwas aus sein, es auf etwas abgesehen haben;
    after you bitte nach Ihnen!; go after, look after
    2. (zeitlich) nach:
    after a week auch nach Ablauf einer Woche;
    ten after five US 10 nach 5;
    day after day Tag für Tag;
    blow after blow Schlag auf Schlag;
    wave after wave Welle um Welle;
    the month after next der übernächste Monat;
    one after the other einer (eine, eines) nach dem (der, dem) andern, nacheinander, hintereinander;
    a) schließlich, im Grunde, eigentlich, alles in allem,
    b) immerhin, dennoch,
    c) (also) doch,
    d) doch (noch);
    I think I’ll stay at home after all ich bleibe doch lieber zu Haus;
    after all my trouble trotz aller meiner Mühe;
    after what has happened nach dem, was geschehen ist; hour 5
    3. (im Range) nach:
    4. nach, gemäß:
    after his nature seinem Wesen gemäß;
    a picture after Rubens ein Gemälde nach oder im Stil von Rubens;
    after what you have told me nach dem, was Sie mir erzählt haben; heart Bes Redew
    C adj
    1. später:
    2. hinter(er, e, es), SCHIFF Achter…:
    D konj nachdem:
    E s afters pl (auch als sg konstruiert) Br umg Nachtisch m:
    for afters als oder zum Nachtisch
    p. abk
    1. page S.
    2. part T.
    3. LING participle Part.
    4. past
    5. Br penny, pence
    6. per
    7. post, after
    * * *
    1. adverb
    1) (later) danach
    2) (behind) hinterher
    2. preposition
    1) (following in time, as result of) nach
    2) (behind) hinter (+ Dat.)

    what are you after? — was suchst du denn?; (to questioner) was willst du wirklich wissen?

    ask after somebody/something — nach jemandem/etwas fragen

    * * *
    adj.
    Hinter- Präfix adv.
    gemäß adv.
    hinterher (örtlich) adv.
    nachher adv. prep.
    nach präp.

    English-german dictionary > after

  • 4 succeed

    [sək'si:d]
    1) (to manage to do what one is trying to do; to achieve one's aim or purpose: He succeeded in persuading her to do it; He's happy to have succeeded in his chosen career; She tried three times to pass her driving-test, and at last succeeded; Our new teaching methods seem to be succeeding.) uspeti
    2) (to follow next in order, and take the place of someone or something else: He succeeded his father as manager of the firm / as king; The cold summer was succeeded by a stormy autumn; If the duke has no children, who will succeed to (= inherit) his property?) naslediti
    - successful
    - successfully
    - succession
    - successive
    - successively
    - successor
    - in succession
    * * *
    [səksí:d]
    1.
    transitive verb
    slediti (komu, čemu), priti za (kom, čem); biti naslednik, naslediti; podedovati;
    2.
    intransitive verb
    slediti, priti (to za kom, čem); uspeti, posrečiti se, imeti uspeh, doseči svoj cilj (in pri čem, with pri)
    he succeeded in doing s.th. — posrečilo se mu je, nekaj napraviti
    we did not succeed in seeing him — ni se nam posrečilo, da bi ga videli
    nothing succeeds like success — za enim uspehom pride drugi, uspeh rodi uspeh

    English-Slovenian dictionary > succeed

  • 5 after

    af·ter [ʼɑ:ftəʳ, Am ʼæftɚ] prep
    1) ( later time) nach +dat;
    \after two weeks of vacationing nach zwei Wochen Ferien;
    he usually takes a nap \after lunch er macht nach dem Mittagessen normalerweise einen kurzen Mittagsschlaf;
    the day \after tomorrow übermorgen;
    the week \after next übernächste Woche;
    [a] quarter \after six (Am) [um] Viertel nach Sechs;
    \after hours nach Feierabend;
    \after the fact danach, hinterher
    to be \after sb/ sth hinter jdm/etw her sein
    3) ( following) nach +dat;
    the letter C comes \after B der Buchstabe C kommt nach B;
    \after you nach Ihnen
    4) ( because of) nach +dat;
    \after saying what he did, I'll never talk to him again nachdem was er gesagt hat, werde ich nie wieder ein Wort mit ihm wechseln;
    \after all schließlich
    5) ( behind) nach +dat;
    can you lock up \after you? können Sie zuschließen, wenn Sie gehen?;
    he shut the door \after them er schloss die Tür hinter ihnen;
    she stared \after him in disbelief sie sah ihm ungläubig nach
    6) ( in honour of) nach +dat;
    to name sb/sth \after sb/ sth jdn/etw nach jdm/etw [be]nennen;
    to be named \after sb nach jdm benannt sein
    7) ( similar to) nach +dat;
    to take \after sb nach jdm kommen;
    she takes \after her mother sie kommt nach ihrer Mutter
    8) ( about) nach +dat;
    he politely inquired \after his uncle's health er erkundigte sich höflich nach dem Befinden seines Onkels
    9) ( despite) trotz +dat;
    \after all his efforts, he still failed the driving test trotz all seiner Bemühungen fiel er durch die Führerscheinprüfung;
    \after all trotzdem
    10) ( in comparison to) verglichen mit +dat;
    their children seem small \after his ihre Kinder wirken klein verglichen mit seinen
    11) ( many in succession) nach +dat;
    hour \after hour Stunde um Stunde;
    she ate one piece of cake \after another sie aß ein Stück Kuchen nach dem anderen conj nachdem;
    I'll call you \after I take a shower ich rufe dich an, wenn [o sobald] ich geduscht habe;
    soon [or shortly] [or not long] \after sth kurz nachdem...;
    soon \after we joined the motorway, the car started to make a strange noise wir waren noch nicht lange auf der Autobahn, als der Motor seltsame Geräusche von sich gab;
    right [or straight] [or immediately] \after sth unmittelbar nachdem...;
    I went to the post office straight \after I left you ich bin direkt von dir zur Post gelaufen adv
    1) ( at a later time) danach;
    the day/week \after einen Tag/eine Woche danach [o darauf];
    shortly [or soon] \after kurz [o bald] danach [o darauf];
    he passed away and she died shortly \after zuerst starb er und kurze Zeit später folgte sie ihm in den Tod
    2) ( behind)
    marriage, house, baby - and what comes \after? Hochzeit, Haus, Kinder - und was kommt dann?;
    a mouse ran into the bushes and the cat ran \after eine Maus rannte in die Büsche und die Katze hinterher
    3) (fam: afterwards) danach, nachher;
    what are you going to do \after? was hast du nachher vor? adj
    inv ( liter) später;
    in \after years in späteren Jahren

    English-German students dictionary > after

  • 6 Down

    I noun
    (Geog.) [baumloser] Höhenzug; in pl. Downs Pl. (an der Süd- und Südostküste Englands)
    II noun
    1) (of bird) Daunen Pl.; Flaum, der
    2) (hair) Flaum, der
    III 1. adverb
    1) (to lower place, to downstairs, southwards) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich); (in lift) abwärts; (in crossword puzzle) senkrecht

    [right] down to something — [ganz] bis zu etwas her-/hinunter

    go down to the shops/the end of the road — zu den Läden/zum Ende der Straße hinuntergehen

    2) (Brit.): (from capital) raus (bes. ugs.); heraus/hinaus (bes. schriftsprachlich)

    get down to Reading from London — von London nach Reading raus-/hinausfahren

    come down from Edinburgh to London — von Edinburgh nach London [he]runterkommen

    3) (of money): (at once) sofort

    pay for something cash down — etwas [in] bar bezahlen

    4) (into prostration) nieder[fallen, -geschlagen werden]

    shout the place/house down — (fig.) schreien, dass die Wände zittern

    5) (on to paper)
    6) (on programme)

    put a meeting down for 2 p.m. — ein Treffen für od. auf 14 Uhr ansetzen

    7) as int. runter! (bes. ugs.); (to dog) leg dich!; nieder!; (Mil.) hinlegen!

    down with imperialism/the president! — nieder mit dem Imperialismus/dem Präsidenten!

    8) (in lower place, downstairs, in fallen position, in south) unten

    down on the floorauf dem Fußboden

    low/lower down — tief/tiefer unten

    down there/here — da/hier unten

    his flat is on the next floor downseine Wohnung ist ein Stockwerk tiefer

    down in Wales/in the country — weit weg in Wales/draußen auf dem Lande

    down southunten im Süden (ugs.)

    down south/east — (Amer.) in den Südstaaten/im Osten

    down [on the floor] — (Boxing) am Boden; auf den Brettern

    down and out (Boxing) k. o.; (fig.) fertig (ugs.)

    9) (prostrate) auf dem Fußboden/der Erde

    be down in writing/on paper/in print — niedergeschrieben/zu Papier gebracht/gedruckt sein

    11) (on programme) angesetzt [Termin, Treffen]
    12) (facing downwards, bowed) zu Boden

    be down(brought to the ground) am Boden liegen

    down [in the mouth] — niedergeschlagen

    14) (now cheaper) [jetzt] billiger
    15)

    be down to... — (have only... left) nichts mehr haben außer...

    we're down to our last £100 — wir haben nur noch 100 Pfund

    now it's down to him to do somethingnun liegt es bei od. an ihm, etwas zu tun

    16) (to reduced consistency or size)
    17) (including lower limit)

    from... down to... — von... bis zu... hinunter

    18) (in position of lagging or loss) weniger

    be three points/games down — mit drei Punkten/Spielen zurückliegen

    be down on one's luck — eine Pechsträhne haben. See also academic.ru/79258/up">up 1.

    2. preposition
    1) (downwards along, from top to bottom of) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich)

    fall down the stairs/steps — die Treppe/Stufen herunterstürzen

    walk down the hill/road — den Hügel/die Straße heruntergehen

    3) (downwards into) rein in (+ Akk.) (bes. ugs.); hinein in (+ Akk.) (bes. schriftsprachlich)

    fall down a hole/ditch — in ein Loch/einen Graben fallen

    4) (downwards over) über (+ Akk.)

    spill water all down one's skirtsich (Dat.) Wasser über den Rock gießen

    go down the pub/disco — (Brit. coll.) in die Kneipe/Disko gehen

    7) (at or in a lower position in or on) [weiter] unten

    further down the ladder/coast — weiter unten auf der Leiter/an der Küste

    8) (from top to bottom along) an (+ Dat.)
    9) (all over) überall auf (+ Dat.)

    I've got coffee [all] down my skirt — mein ganzer Rock ist voll Kaffee

    10) (Brit. coll.): (in, at)

    down the pub/café/town — in der Kneipe/im Café/in der Stadt

    3. adjective
    (directed downwards) nach unten führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach unten; nach unten gerichtet [Kolbenhub, Sog]; aus der Hauptstadt herausführend [Bahnlinie]
    4. transitive verb
    (coll.)
    1) (knock down) auf die Bretter schicken [Boxer]
    2) (drink down) leer machen (ugs.) [Flasche, Glas]; schlucken (ugs.) [Getränk]
    3)

    down tools(cease work) zu arbeiten aufhören; (take a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (go on strike) die Arbeit niederlegen

    4) (shoot down) abschießen, (ugs.) runterholen [Flugzeug]
    5. noun
    (coll.)

    have a down on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas auf dem Kieker haben (ugs.); see also up 4.

    •• Cultural note:
    Der Name einer Straße in Westminster im Zentrum von London. Das Haus mit der Nummer 10 in der Downing Street ist der offizielle Sitz des Premierministers und das mit der Nummer 11 der des Finanzministers. Unter Journalisten ist der Ausdruck Downing Street oder Number 10 gebräuchlich, wenn vom Amtssitz des Premierministers die Rede ist
    * * *
    I 1. adverb
    1) (towards or in a low or lower position, level or state: He climbed down to the bottom of the ladder.) hinunter
    2) (on or to the ground: The little boy fell down and cut his knee.) zum/auf den Boden
    3) (from earlier to later times: The recipe has been handed down in our family for years.) weiter
    4) (from a greater to a smaller size, amount etc: Prices have been going down steadily.) gefallen
    5) (towards or in a place thought of as being lower, especially southward or away from a centre: We went down from Glasgow to Bristol.) hinunter
    2. preposition
    1) (in a lower position on: Their house is halfway down the hill.) hinunter
    2) (to a lower position on, by, through or along: Water poured down the drain.) hinunter
    3) (along: The teacher's gaze travelled slowly down the line of children.) entlang
    3. verb
    (to finish (a drink) very quickly, especially in one gulp: He downed a pint of beer.) hinunterkippen
    - downward
    - downwards
    - downward
    - down-and-out
    - down-at-heel
    - downcast
    - downfall
    - downgrade
    - downhearted
    - downhill
    - downhill racing
    - downhill skiing
    - down-in-the-mouth
    - down payment
    - downpour
    - downright
    4. adjective
    - downstairs
    - downstream
    - down-to-earth
    - downtown
    - downtown
    - down-trodden
    - be/go down with
    - down on one's luck
    - down tools
    - down with
    - get down to
    - suit someone down to the ground
    - suit down to the ground
    II noun
    (small, soft feathers: a quilt filled with down.) Daunen (pl.)
    - downie®
    - downy
    * * *
    down1
    [daʊn]
    1. (movement to a lower position) hinunter, hinab geh; (towards the speaker) herunter, herab geh
    get \down off that table! komm sofort vom Tisch herunter!
    the leaflet slipped \down behind the wardrobe die Broschüre ist hinter den Kleiderschrank gerutscht
    come further \down [the steps] komm noch etwas weiter [die Treppe] runter fam
    “\down!” (to a dog) „Platz!“
    to fall \down (drop) hinunterfallen; (fall over) umfallen; (stumble) hinfallen
    to let sth \down etw herunterlassen
    to lie sth \down etw hinlegen [o ablegen]
    to pull sth \down etw nach unten ziehen
    to put \down sth etw hinstellen [o abstellen
    2. (downwards) nach unten
    head \down mit dem Kopf nach unten
    to be [or lie] face \down auf dem Bauch [o mit dem Gesicht nach unten] liegen
    to point down nach unten zeigen
    \down here/there hier/dort unten
    \down at/by/in sth unten an/bei/in etw dat
    4. inv (in the south) im Süden, unten fam; (towards the south) in den Süden, runter fam
    things are much more expensive \down [in the] south unten im Süden ist alles viel teurer
    how often do you come \down to Cornwall? wie oft kommen Sie nach Cornwall runter? fam
    5. inv (away from the centre) außerhalb
    my parents live \down in Worcestershire meine Eltern leben außerhalb [von hier] in Worcestershire
    he has a house \down by the harbour er hat ein Haus draußen am Hafen
    \down our way hier in unserem Viertel [o unserer Gegend] [o SCHWEIZ Quartier
    6. ( fam: badly off) unten
    she's certainly come \down in the world! mit ihr ist es ganz schön bergab gegangen! fam
    to be \down on one's luck eine Pechsträhne haben
    she's been \down on her luck recently in letzter Zeit ist sie vom Pech verfolgt
    to hit [or kick] sb when he's \down jdn treten, wenn er schon am Boden liegt fig
    to be \down to sth nur noch etw haben
    when the rescue party found her, she was \down to her last bar of chocolate als die Rettungsmannschaft sie fand, hatte sie nur noch einen Riegel Schokolade
    8. (ill)
    to be \down with sth an etw dat erkrankt sein
    she's \down with flu sie liegt mit einer Grippe im Bett
    to come [or go] \down with sth an etw dat erkranken, etw kriegen fam
    I think I'm going \down with a cold ich glaube, ich kriege eine Erkältung fam
    9. SPORT im Rückstand
    Milan were three goals \down at half-time zur Halbzeit lag Mailand [um] drei Tore zurück
    10. (back in time, to a later time)
    Joan of Arc's fame has echoed \down [through] the centuries Jeanne d'Arcs Ruhm hat die Jahrhunderte überdauert
    \down to the last century bis ins vorige Jahrhundert [hinein]
    to come \down myths überliefert werden
    to pass [or hand] sth \down etw weitergeben [o überliefern
    11. (at/to a lower amount) niedriger
    the pay offer is \down 2% from last year das Lohnangebot liegt 2 % unter dem vom Vorjahr
    he quit the poker game when he was only $50 \down er hörte mit dem Pokerspiel auf, als er erst 50 Dollar verloren hatte
    to get the price \down den Preis drücken [o herunterhandeln]
    to go \down sinken
    the number of students has gone \down die Zahl der Studierenden ist gesunken
    12. (in/to a less intense degree) herunter
    let the fire burn \down lass das Feuer herunterbrennen
    settle \down, you two gebt mal ein bisschen Ruhe, ihr zwei
    to turn the music/radio \down die Musik/das Radio leiser stellen [o machen]
    to water a drink \down ein Getränk verwässern
    13. (including) bis einschließlich
    the entire administration has come under suspicion, from the mayor \down das gesamte Verwaltungspersonal, angefangen beim Bürgermeister, ist in Verdacht geraten
    everyone, from the director \down to the secretaries, was questioned by the police vom Direktor angefangen bis hin zu den Sekretärinnen, wurde jeder von der Polizei verhört
    to have sth \down in writing [or on paper] etw schriftlich [o fam schwarz auf weiß] haben
    to get [or put] sb \down for sth jdn für etw akk vormerken
    we've got you \down for five tickets wir haben fünf Karten für Sie vorbestellt
    15. (swallowed) hinunter, runter fam
    to get sth \down etw [hinunter]schlucken
    she couldn't get the pill \down sie brachte die Tablette nicht hinunter fam
    you'll feel better once you've got some hot soup \down du wirst dich besser fühlen, sobald du ein bisschen heiße Suppe gegessen hast
    16. (thoroughly) gründlich
    he washed the car \down er wusch den Wagen von oben bis unten
    17. (already finished) vorbei
    two lectures \down, eight to go zwei Vorlesungen haben wir schon besucht, es bleiben also noch acht
    18. (as initial payment) als Anzahlung
    to pay [or put] £100 \down 100 Pfund anzahlen
    to be \down to sth auf etw akk zurückzuführen sein
    the problem is \down to her inexperience, not any lack of intelligence es liegt an ihrer Unerfahrenheit, nicht an mangelnder Intelligenz
    to be [or AM also come] \down to sb jds Sache sein
    it's all \down to you now to make it work nun ist es an Ihnen, die Sache in Gang zu bringen
    20. (reduce to)
    to come \down to sth auf etw akk hinauslaufen
    what the problem comes \down to is this:... die entscheidende Frage ist:...
    well, if I bring it \down to its simplest level,... also, stark vereinfacht könnte man sagen,...
    21. (in crossword puzzles) senkrecht
    22.
    \down to the ground völlig, ganz und gar, total fam
    that suits me \down to the ground das ist genau das Richtige für mich
    1. (in a downward direction) hinunter; (towards the speaker) herunter
    my uncle's in hospital after falling \down some stairs mein Onkel ist im Krankenhaus, nachdem er die Treppe heruntergefallen [o hinuntergefallen] ist
    up and \down the stairs die Treppe rauf und runter fam
    she poured the liquid \down the sink sie schüttete die Flüssigkeit in den Abfluss
    2. (downhill) hinunter, hinab geh; (towards the speaker) herunter [o geh herab]
    to come \down the hill den Hügel heruntersteigen [o geh herabsteigen]
    to go \down the mountain den Berg hinuntersteigen [o geh hinabsteigen
    3. (along) entlang
    go \down the street gehen Sie die Straße entlang [o hinunter]
    her office is \down the corridor on the right ihr Büro ist weiter den Gang entlang auf der rechten Seite
    we drove \down the motorway as far as Bristol wir fuhren auf der Schnellstraße bis Bristol
    I ran my finger \down the list of ingredients ich ging mit dem Finger die Zutatenliste durch
    her long red hair reached most of the way \down her back ihre langen roten Haare bedeckten fast ihren ganzen Rücken
    to sail the boat \down the river mit dem Boot flussabwärts segeln
    4. (in a particular place)
    \down sb's way in jds Gegend
    they speak with a peculiar accent \down his way in seiner Ecke haben die Leute einen besonderen Akzent fam
    \down the ages von Generation zu Generation
    \down the centuries die Jahrhunderte hindurch
    \down the generations über Generationen hinweg
    6. BRIT, AUS ( fam: to)
    I went \down the pub with my mates ich ging mit meinen Freunden in die Kneipe
    to go \down the shops einkaufen gehen
    7. (inside) in + dat
    you'll feel better once you've got some hot soup \down you du wirst dich besser fühlen, sobald du ein bisschen heiße Suppe im Magen hast
    8.
    to go \down the drain [or toilet] [or tube[s]] ( fam)
    to go \down the plughole [or BRIT also pan] [or AUS gurgler] ( fam) für die Katz sein sl
    we don't want all their hard work to go \down the drain ich möchte nicht, dass ihre harte Arbeit ganz umsonst ist
    \down the road [or line] [or track] auf der ganzen Linie fig, voll und ganz
    <more \down, most \down>
    1. attr, inv (moving downward) abwärtsführend, nach unten nach n
    the \down escalator die Rolltreppe nach unten
    2. pred ( fam: unhappy, sad) niedergeschlagen, down fam
    I've been feeling a bit \down this week diese Woche bin ich nicht so gut drauf fam
    3. pred, inv ( fam: disapproving of)
    to be \down on sb jdn auf dem Kieker [o ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ im Visier] haben fam
    4. pred, inv (not functioning) außer Betrieb
    the computer will be \down for an hour der Computer wird für eine Stunde abgeschaltet
    I'm afraid the [telephone] lines are \down ich fürchte, die Telefonleitungen sind tot
    5. attr, inv BRIT ( dated: travelling away from the city) stadtauswärts fahrend attr
    \down platform Bahnsteig m [o SCHWEIZ Perron m] für stadtauswärts fahrende Züge
    6. (sunk to a low level) niedrig
    the river is \down der Fluss hat [o geh führt] Niedrigwasser
    1. (knock down)
    to \down sb jdn zu Fall bringen; BOXING jdn niederschlagen [o sl auf die Bretter schicken
    2. (shoot down)
    to \down sth etw abschießen [o fam runterholen
    to \down tools (cease work) mit der Arbeit aufhören; (have a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (during a strike) die Arbeit niederlegen
    the printers are threatening to \down tools die Drucker drohen mit Arbeitsniederlegungen
    4. AM, AUS SPORT (beat)
    to \down sb jdn schlagen [o fam fertigmachen
    5.
    to \down sth (swallow) etw hinunterschlucken; (eat) etw essen; (eat quickly) etw verschlingen [o hinunterschlingen]; (drink) etw trinken; (drink quickly) etw hinunterkippen [o fam runterschütten] [o SCHWEIZ runterleeren]
    he'd \downed four beers er hatte vier Bier gekippt fam
    V. NOUN
    1. (bad fortune) Tiefpunkt m, schlechte Zeit
    ups and \downs Auf und Ab nt
    well, we've had our ups and \downs wir haben schon Höhen und Tiefen durchgemacht
    2. no pl ( fam: dislike) Groll m
    to have a \down on sb jdn auf dem Kieker [o ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ im Visier] haben fam
    why do you have a \down on him? was hast du gegen ihn?
    3. AM FBALL Versuch m
    it's second \down es ist der zweite Versuch
    \down with taxes! weg mit den Steuern!
    \down with the dictator! nieder mit dem Diktator!
    down2
    [daʊn]
    I. n no pl
    1. (soft feathers) Daunen pl, Flaumfedern pl
    2. (soft hair or fluff) [Bart]flaum m, feine Härchen
    II. n modifier Daunen-
    \down jacket/quilt Daunenjacke f/-decke f
    down3
    [daʊn]
    n esp BRIT Hügelland nt, [baumloser] Höhenzug
    the \downs pl die Downs (an der Südküste Englands)
    * * *
    I [daʊn]
    1. ADVERB
    When down is an element in a phrasal verb, eg get down, sit down, stand down, write down, look up the verb.

    to jump down — herunter-/hinunterspringen

    on his way down from the summit — auf seinem Weg vom Gipfel herab/hinab

    down! (to dog)Platz! __diams; down with...! nieder mit...!

    down thereda unten

    I'll stay down here —

    it needs a bit of paint down at the bottomes muss unten herum neu gestrichen werden

    don't kick a man when he's down (fig)man soll jemanden nicht fertigmachen, wenn er schon angeschlagen ist or wenns ihm dreckig geht (inf)

    the sun was down —

    I'll be down in a minute —

    3)

    = to or in another place usu not translated he came down from London yesterday — er kam gestern aus London

    he's down in London/at his brother's — er ist in London/bei seinem Bruder

    we're going down to the seaside/to Dover — wir fahren an die See/nach Dover

    4)

    = below previous level his temperature is down —

    his shoes were worn down the price of meat is down on last week — seine Schuhe waren abgetragen der Fleischpreis ist gegenüber der letzten Woche gefallen

    interest rates are down to/by 3% — der Zinssatz ist auf/um 3% gefallen

    I'm £20 down on what I expected — ich habe £ 20 weniger als ich dachte

    he's down to his last £10 — er hat nur noch £ 10

    See:
    luck
    5)

    in writing I've got it down in my diary — ich habe es in meinem Kalender notiert

    let's get it down on paper — schreiben wir es auf, halten wir es schriftlich fest

    when you see it down on paperwenn man es schwarz auf weiß sieht

    6)

    indicating range or succession usu not translated from the biggest down — vom Größten angefangen

    from 1700 down to the present —

    7) indicating responsibility __diams; to be down to sb/sth (= caused by) an jdm/etw liegen
    8)

    as deposit to pay £20 down — £ 20 anzahlen

    I've put down a deposit on a new bike —

    2. PREPOSITION
    1)

    indicating movement downwards to go/come down the hill/the stairs etc — den Berg/die Treppe etc hinuntergehen/herunterkommen

    her hair fell loose down her backsie trug ihr Haar offen über die Schultern

    2)

    at a lower part of he's already halfway down the hill — er ist schon auf halbem Wege nach unten

    3)

    = along he was walking/coming down the street — er ging/kam die Straße entlang

    if you look down this road, you can see... — wenn Sie diese Straße hinunterblicken, können Sie... sehen

    4)

    = throughout down the centuries — durch die Jahrhunderte (hindurch)

    5)

    = to, in, at Brit inf he's gone down the pub — er ist in die Kneipe gegangen

    3. NOUN
    (= dislike) __diams; to have a down on sb (inf) jdn auf dem Kieker haben (inf)up
    See:
    up
    4. ADJECTIVE (inf)
    1)

    = depressed he was (feeling) a bit down — er fühlte sich ein wenig down (inf) or niedergeschlagen

    2)

    = not working to be down — außer Betrieb sein; (Comput) abgestürzt sein

    5. TRANSITIVE VERB
    opponent niederschlagen, zu Fall bringen; enemy planes abschießen, (he)runterholen (inf); (FTBL ETC, inf) player legen (inf); beer etc runterkippen or -schütten (inf) II
    n
    (= feathers) Daunen pl, Flaumfedern pl; (= fine hair) Flaum m III
    n usu pl (GEOG)
    Hügelland nt no pl
    * * *
    Down [daʊn] s Down n (Grafschaft in Nordirland)
    * * *
    I noun
    (Geog.) [baumloser] Höhenzug; in pl. Downs Pl. (an der Süd- und Südostküste Englands)
    II noun
    1) (of bird) Daunen Pl.; Flaum, der
    2) (hair) Flaum, der
    III 1. adverb
    1) (to lower place, to downstairs, southwards) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich); (in lift) abwärts; (in crossword puzzle) senkrecht

    [right] down to something — [ganz] bis zu etwas her-/hinunter

    go down to the shops/the end of the road — zu den Läden/zum Ende der Straße hinuntergehen

    2) (Brit.): (from capital) raus (bes. ugs.); heraus/hinaus (bes. schriftsprachlich)

    get down to Reading from London — von London nach Reading raus-/hinausfahren

    come down from Edinburgh to London — von Edinburgh nach London [he]runterkommen

    pay for something cash down — etwas [in] bar bezahlen

    4) (into prostration) nieder[fallen, -geschlagen werden]

    shout the place/house down — (fig.) schreien, dass die Wände zittern

    put a meeting down for 2 p.m. — ein Treffen für od. auf 14 Uhr ansetzen

    7) as int. runter! (bes. ugs.); (to dog) leg dich!; nieder!; (Mil.) hinlegen!

    down with imperialism/the president! — nieder mit dem Imperialismus/dem Präsidenten!

    8) (in lower place, downstairs, in fallen position, in south) unten

    low/lower down — tief/tiefer unten

    down there/here — da/hier unten

    down in Wales/in the country — weit weg in Wales/draußen auf dem Lande

    down south/east — (Amer.) in den Südstaaten/im Osten

    down [on the floor] — (Boxing) am Boden; auf den Brettern

    down and out (Boxing) k. o.; (fig.) fertig (ugs.)

    9) (prostrate) auf dem Fußboden/der Erde

    be down in writing/on paper/in print — niedergeschrieben/zu Papier gebracht/gedruckt sein

    11) (on programme) angesetzt [Termin, Treffen]
    12) (facing downwards, bowed) zu Boden

    be down (brought to the ground) am Boden liegen

    down [in the mouth] — niedergeschlagen

    14) (now cheaper) [jetzt] billiger
    15)

    be down to... — (have only... left) nichts mehr haben außer...

    we're down to our last £100 — wir haben nur noch 100 Pfund

    17) (including lower limit)

    from... down to... — von... bis zu... hinunter

    be three points/games down — mit drei Punkten/Spielen zurückliegen

    be down on one's luck — eine Pechsträhne haben. See also up 1.

    2. preposition
    1) (downwards along, from top to bottom of) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich)

    fall down the stairs/steps — die Treppe/Stufen herunterstürzen

    walk down the hill/road — den Hügel/die Straße heruntergehen

    3) (downwards into) rein in (+ Akk.) (bes. ugs.); hinein in (+ Akk.) (bes. schriftsprachlich)

    fall down a hole/ditch — in ein Loch/einen Graben fallen

    4) (downwards over) über (+ Akk.)

    spill water all down one's skirtsich (Dat.) Wasser über den Rock gießen

    go down the pub/disco — (Brit. coll.) in die Kneipe/Disko gehen

    further down the ladder/coast — weiter unten auf der Leiter/an der Küste

    9) (all over) überall auf (+ Dat.)

    I've got coffee [all] down my skirt — mein ganzer Rock ist voll Kaffee

    10) (Brit. coll.): (in, at)

    down the pub/café/town — in der Kneipe/im Café/in der Stadt

    3. adjective
    (directed downwards) nach unten führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach unten; nach unten gerichtet [Kolbenhub, Sog]; aus der Hauptstadt herausführend [Bahnlinie]
    4. transitive verb
    (coll.)
    1) (knock down) auf die Bretter schicken [Boxer]
    2) (drink down) leer machen (ugs.) [Flasche, Glas]; schlucken (ugs.) [Getränk]
    3)

    down tools (cease work) zu arbeiten aufhören; (take a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (go on strike) die Arbeit niederlegen

    4) (shoot down) abschießen, (ugs.) runterholen [Flugzeug]
    5. noun
    (coll.)

    have a down on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas auf dem Kieker haben (ugs.); see also up 4.

    •• Cultural note:
    Der Name einer Straße in Westminster im Zentrum von London. Das Haus mit der Nummer 10 in der Downing Street ist der offizielle Sitz des Premierministers und das mit der Nummer 11 der des Finanzministers. Unter Journalisten ist der Ausdruck Downing Street oder Number 10 gebräuchlich, wenn vom Amtssitz des Premierministers die Rede ist
    * * *
    (fluff) n.
    Flaum nur sing. m. (feathers) n.
    Daune -n f. adj.
    abwärts adj.
    herab adj.
    herunter adj.
    hinab adj.
    hinunter adj.
    nieder adj.
    rückwärts adj.
    unten adj.
    zusammengebrochen (alt.Rechtschreibung) adj.

    English-german dictionary > Down

  • 7 down

    I noun
    (Geog.) [baumloser] Höhenzug; in pl. Downs Pl. (an der Süd- und Südostküste Englands)
    II noun
    1) (of bird) Daunen Pl.; Flaum, der
    2) (hair) Flaum, der
    III 1. adverb
    1) (to lower place, to downstairs, southwards) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich); (in lift) abwärts; (in crossword puzzle) senkrecht

    [right] down to something — [ganz] bis zu etwas her-/hinunter

    go down to the shops/the end of the road — zu den Läden/zum Ende der Straße hinuntergehen

    2) (Brit.): (from capital) raus (bes. ugs.); heraus/hinaus (bes. schriftsprachlich)

    get down to Reading from London — von London nach Reading raus-/hinausfahren

    come down from Edinburgh to London — von Edinburgh nach London [he]runterkommen

    3) (of money): (at once) sofort

    pay for something cash down — etwas [in] bar bezahlen

    4) (into prostration) nieder[fallen, -geschlagen werden]

    shout the place/house down — (fig.) schreien, dass die Wände zittern

    5) (on to paper)
    6) (on programme)

    put a meeting down for 2 p.m. — ein Treffen für od. auf 14 Uhr ansetzen

    7) as int. runter! (bes. ugs.); (to dog) leg dich!; nieder!; (Mil.) hinlegen!

    down with imperialism/the president! — nieder mit dem Imperialismus/dem Präsidenten!

    8) (in lower place, downstairs, in fallen position, in south) unten

    down on the floorauf dem Fußboden

    low/lower down — tief/tiefer unten

    down there/here — da/hier unten

    his flat is on the next floor downseine Wohnung ist ein Stockwerk tiefer

    down in Wales/in the country — weit weg in Wales/draußen auf dem Lande

    down southunten im Süden (ugs.)

    down south/east — (Amer.) in den Südstaaten/im Osten

    down [on the floor] — (Boxing) am Boden; auf den Brettern

    down and out (Boxing) k. o.; (fig.) fertig (ugs.)

    9) (prostrate) auf dem Fußboden/der Erde

    be down in writing/on paper/in print — niedergeschrieben/zu Papier gebracht/gedruckt sein

    11) (on programme) angesetzt [Termin, Treffen]
    12) (facing downwards, bowed) zu Boden

    be down(brought to the ground) am Boden liegen

    down [in the mouth] — niedergeschlagen

    14) (now cheaper) [jetzt] billiger
    15)

    be down to... — (have only... left) nichts mehr haben außer...

    we're down to our last £100 — wir haben nur noch 100 Pfund

    now it's down to him to do somethingnun liegt es bei od. an ihm, etwas zu tun

    16) (to reduced consistency or size)
    17) (including lower limit)

    from... down to... — von... bis zu... hinunter

    18) (in position of lagging or loss) weniger

    be three points/games down — mit drei Punkten/Spielen zurückliegen

    be down on one's luck — eine Pechsträhne haben. See also academic.ru/79258/up">up 1.

    2. preposition
    1) (downwards along, from top to bottom of) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich)

    fall down the stairs/steps — die Treppe/Stufen herunterstürzen

    walk down the hill/road — den Hügel/die Straße heruntergehen

    3) (downwards into) rein in (+ Akk.) (bes. ugs.); hinein in (+ Akk.) (bes. schriftsprachlich)

    fall down a hole/ditch — in ein Loch/einen Graben fallen

    4) (downwards over) über (+ Akk.)

    spill water all down one's skirtsich (Dat.) Wasser über den Rock gießen

    go down the pub/disco — (Brit. coll.) in die Kneipe/Disko gehen

    7) (at or in a lower position in or on) [weiter] unten

    further down the ladder/coast — weiter unten auf der Leiter/an der Küste

    8) (from top to bottom along) an (+ Dat.)
    9) (all over) überall auf (+ Dat.)

    I've got coffee [all] down my skirt — mein ganzer Rock ist voll Kaffee

    10) (Brit. coll.): (in, at)

    down the pub/café/town — in der Kneipe/im Café/in der Stadt

    3. adjective
    (directed downwards) nach unten führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach unten; nach unten gerichtet [Kolbenhub, Sog]; aus der Hauptstadt herausführend [Bahnlinie]
    4. transitive verb
    (coll.)
    1) (knock down) auf die Bretter schicken [Boxer]
    2) (drink down) leer machen (ugs.) [Flasche, Glas]; schlucken (ugs.) [Getränk]
    3)

    down tools(cease work) zu arbeiten aufhören; (take a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (go on strike) die Arbeit niederlegen

    4) (shoot down) abschießen, (ugs.) runterholen [Flugzeug]
    5. noun
    (coll.)

    have a down on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas auf dem Kieker haben (ugs.); see also up 4.

    •• Cultural note:
    Der Name einer Straße in Westminster im Zentrum von London. Das Haus mit der Nummer 10 in der Downing Street ist der offizielle Sitz des Premierministers und das mit der Nummer 11 der des Finanzministers. Unter Journalisten ist der Ausdruck Downing Street oder Number 10 gebräuchlich, wenn vom Amtssitz des Premierministers die Rede ist
    * * *
    I 1. adverb
    1) (towards or in a low or lower position, level or state: He climbed down to the bottom of the ladder.) hinunter
    2) (on or to the ground: The little boy fell down and cut his knee.) zum/auf den Boden
    3) (from earlier to later times: The recipe has been handed down in our family for years.) weiter
    4) (from a greater to a smaller size, amount etc: Prices have been going down steadily.) gefallen
    5) (towards or in a place thought of as being lower, especially southward or away from a centre: We went down from Glasgow to Bristol.) hinunter
    2. preposition
    1) (in a lower position on: Their house is halfway down the hill.) hinunter
    2) (to a lower position on, by, through or along: Water poured down the drain.) hinunter
    3) (along: The teacher's gaze travelled slowly down the line of children.) entlang
    3. verb
    (to finish (a drink) very quickly, especially in one gulp: He downed a pint of beer.) hinunterkippen
    - downward
    - downwards
    - downward
    - down-and-out
    - down-at-heel
    - downcast
    - downfall
    - downgrade
    - downhearted
    - downhill
    - downhill racing
    - downhill skiing
    - down-in-the-mouth
    - down payment
    - downpour
    - downright
    4. adjective
    - downstairs
    - downstream
    - down-to-earth
    - downtown
    - downtown
    - down-trodden
    - be/go down with
    - down on one's luck
    - down tools
    - down with
    - get down to
    - suit someone down to the ground
    - suit down to the ground
    II noun
    (small, soft feathers: a quilt filled with down.) Daunen (pl.)
    - downie®
    - downy
    * * *
    down1
    [daʊn]
    1. (movement to a lower position) hinunter, hinab geh; (towards the speaker) herunter, herab geh
    get \down off that table! komm sofort vom Tisch herunter!
    the leaflet slipped \down behind the wardrobe die Broschüre ist hinter den Kleiderschrank gerutscht
    come further \down [the steps] komm noch etwas weiter [die Treppe] runter fam
    “\down!” (to a dog) „Platz!“
    to fall \down (drop) hinunterfallen; (fall over) umfallen; (stumble) hinfallen
    to let sth \down etw herunterlassen
    to lie sth \down etw hinlegen [o ablegen]
    to pull sth \down etw nach unten ziehen
    to put \down sth etw hinstellen [o abstellen
    2. (downwards) nach unten
    head \down mit dem Kopf nach unten
    to be [or lie] face \down auf dem Bauch [o mit dem Gesicht nach unten] liegen
    to point down nach unten zeigen
    \down here/there hier/dort unten
    \down at/by/in sth unten an/bei/in etw dat
    4. inv (in the south) im Süden, unten fam; (towards the south) in den Süden, runter fam
    things are much more expensive \down [in the] south unten im Süden ist alles viel teurer
    how often do you come \down to Cornwall? wie oft kommen Sie nach Cornwall runter? fam
    5. inv (away from the centre) außerhalb
    my parents live \down in Worcestershire meine Eltern leben außerhalb [von hier] in Worcestershire
    he has a house \down by the harbour er hat ein Haus draußen am Hafen
    \down our way hier in unserem Viertel [o unserer Gegend] [o SCHWEIZ Quartier
    6. ( fam: badly off) unten
    she's certainly come \down in the world! mit ihr ist es ganz schön bergab gegangen! fam
    to be \down on one's luck eine Pechsträhne haben
    she's been \down on her luck recently in letzter Zeit ist sie vom Pech verfolgt
    to hit [or kick] sb when he's \down jdn treten, wenn er schon am Boden liegt fig
    to be \down to sth nur noch etw haben
    when the rescue party found her, she was \down to her last bar of chocolate als die Rettungsmannschaft sie fand, hatte sie nur noch einen Riegel Schokolade
    8. (ill)
    to be \down with sth an etw dat erkrankt sein
    she's \down with flu sie liegt mit einer Grippe im Bett
    to come [or go] \down with sth an etw dat erkranken, etw kriegen fam
    I think I'm going \down with a cold ich glaube, ich kriege eine Erkältung fam
    9. SPORT im Rückstand
    Milan were three goals \down at half-time zur Halbzeit lag Mailand [um] drei Tore zurück
    10. (back in time, to a later time)
    Joan of Arc's fame has echoed \down [through] the centuries Jeanne d'Arcs Ruhm hat die Jahrhunderte überdauert
    \down to the last century bis ins vorige Jahrhundert [hinein]
    to come \down myths überliefert werden
    to pass [or hand] sth \down etw weitergeben [o überliefern
    11. (at/to a lower amount) niedriger
    the pay offer is \down 2% from last year das Lohnangebot liegt 2 % unter dem vom Vorjahr
    he quit the poker game when he was only $50 \down er hörte mit dem Pokerspiel auf, als er erst 50 Dollar verloren hatte
    to get the price \down den Preis drücken [o herunterhandeln]
    to go \down sinken
    the number of students has gone \down die Zahl der Studierenden ist gesunken
    12. (in/to a less intense degree) herunter
    let the fire burn \down lass das Feuer herunterbrennen
    settle \down, you two gebt mal ein bisschen Ruhe, ihr zwei
    to turn the music/radio \down die Musik/das Radio leiser stellen [o machen]
    to water a drink \down ein Getränk verwässern
    13. (including) bis einschließlich
    the entire administration has come under suspicion, from the mayor \down das gesamte Verwaltungspersonal, angefangen beim Bürgermeister, ist in Verdacht geraten
    everyone, from the director \down to the secretaries, was questioned by the police vom Direktor angefangen bis hin zu den Sekretärinnen, wurde jeder von der Polizei verhört
    to have sth \down in writing [or on paper] etw schriftlich [o fam schwarz auf weiß] haben
    to get [or put] sb \down for sth jdn für etw akk vormerken
    we've got you \down for five tickets wir haben fünf Karten für Sie vorbestellt
    15. (swallowed) hinunter, runter fam
    to get sth \down etw [hinunter]schlucken
    she couldn't get the pill \down sie brachte die Tablette nicht hinunter fam
    you'll feel better once you've got some hot soup \down du wirst dich besser fühlen, sobald du ein bisschen heiße Suppe gegessen hast
    16. (thoroughly) gründlich
    he washed the car \down er wusch den Wagen von oben bis unten
    17. (already finished) vorbei
    two lectures \down, eight to go zwei Vorlesungen haben wir schon besucht, es bleiben also noch acht
    18. (as initial payment) als Anzahlung
    to pay [or put] £100 \down 100 Pfund anzahlen
    to be \down to sth auf etw akk zurückzuführen sein
    the problem is \down to her inexperience, not any lack of intelligence es liegt an ihrer Unerfahrenheit, nicht an mangelnder Intelligenz
    to be [or AM also come] \down to sb jds Sache sein
    it's all \down to you now to make it work nun ist es an Ihnen, die Sache in Gang zu bringen
    20. (reduce to)
    to come \down to sth auf etw akk hinauslaufen
    what the problem comes \down to is this:... die entscheidende Frage ist:...
    well, if I bring it \down to its simplest level,... also, stark vereinfacht könnte man sagen,...
    21. (in crossword puzzles) senkrecht
    22.
    \down to the ground völlig, ganz und gar, total fam
    that suits me \down to the ground das ist genau das Richtige für mich
    1. (in a downward direction) hinunter; (towards the speaker) herunter
    my uncle's in hospital after falling \down some stairs mein Onkel ist im Krankenhaus, nachdem er die Treppe heruntergefallen [o hinuntergefallen] ist
    up and \down the stairs die Treppe rauf und runter fam
    she poured the liquid \down the sink sie schüttete die Flüssigkeit in den Abfluss
    2. (downhill) hinunter, hinab geh; (towards the speaker) herunter [o geh herab]
    to come \down the hill den Hügel heruntersteigen [o geh herabsteigen]
    to go \down the mountain den Berg hinuntersteigen [o geh hinabsteigen
    3. (along) entlang
    go \down the street gehen Sie die Straße entlang [o hinunter]
    her office is \down the corridor on the right ihr Büro ist weiter den Gang entlang auf der rechten Seite
    we drove \down the motorway as far as Bristol wir fuhren auf der Schnellstraße bis Bristol
    I ran my finger \down the list of ingredients ich ging mit dem Finger die Zutatenliste durch
    her long red hair reached most of the way \down her back ihre langen roten Haare bedeckten fast ihren ganzen Rücken
    to sail the boat \down the river mit dem Boot flussabwärts segeln
    4. (in a particular place)
    \down sb's way in jds Gegend
    they speak with a peculiar accent \down his way in seiner Ecke haben die Leute einen besonderen Akzent fam
    \down the ages von Generation zu Generation
    \down the centuries die Jahrhunderte hindurch
    \down the generations über Generationen hinweg
    6. BRIT, AUS ( fam: to)
    I went \down the pub with my mates ich ging mit meinen Freunden in die Kneipe
    to go \down the shops einkaufen gehen
    7. (inside) in + dat
    you'll feel better once you've got some hot soup \down you du wirst dich besser fühlen, sobald du ein bisschen heiße Suppe im Magen hast
    8.
    to go \down the drain [or toilet] [or tube[s]] ( fam)
    to go \down the plughole [or BRIT also pan] [or AUS gurgler] ( fam) für die Katz sein sl
    we don't want all their hard work to go \down the drain ich möchte nicht, dass ihre harte Arbeit ganz umsonst ist
    \down the road [or line] [or track] auf der ganzen Linie fig, voll und ganz
    <more \down, most \down>
    1. attr, inv (moving downward) abwärtsführend, nach unten nach n
    the \down escalator die Rolltreppe nach unten
    2. pred ( fam: unhappy, sad) niedergeschlagen, down fam
    I've been feeling a bit \down this week diese Woche bin ich nicht so gut drauf fam
    3. pred, inv ( fam: disapproving of)
    to be \down on sb jdn auf dem Kieker [o ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ im Visier] haben fam
    4. pred, inv (not functioning) außer Betrieb
    the computer will be \down for an hour der Computer wird für eine Stunde abgeschaltet
    I'm afraid the [telephone] lines are \down ich fürchte, die Telefonleitungen sind tot
    5. attr, inv BRIT ( dated: travelling away from the city) stadtauswärts fahrend attr
    \down platform Bahnsteig m [o SCHWEIZ Perron m] für stadtauswärts fahrende Züge
    6. (sunk to a low level) niedrig
    the river is \down der Fluss hat [o geh führt] Niedrigwasser
    1. (knock down)
    to \down sb jdn zu Fall bringen; BOXING jdn niederschlagen [o sl auf die Bretter schicken
    2. (shoot down)
    to \down sth etw abschießen [o fam runterholen
    to \down tools (cease work) mit der Arbeit aufhören; (have a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (during a strike) die Arbeit niederlegen
    the printers are threatening to \down tools die Drucker drohen mit Arbeitsniederlegungen
    4. AM, AUS SPORT (beat)
    to \down sb jdn schlagen [o fam fertigmachen
    5.
    to \down sth (swallow) etw hinunterschlucken; (eat) etw essen; (eat quickly) etw verschlingen [o hinunterschlingen]; (drink) etw trinken; (drink quickly) etw hinunterkippen [o fam runterschütten] [o SCHWEIZ runterleeren]
    he'd \downed four beers er hatte vier Bier gekippt fam
    V. NOUN
    1. (bad fortune) Tiefpunkt m, schlechte Zeit
    ups and \downs Auf und Ab nt
    well, we've had our ups and \downs wir haben schon Höhen und Tiefen durchgemacht
    2. no pl ( fam: dislike) Groll m
    to have a \down on sb jdn auf dem Kieker [o ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ im Visier] haben fam
    why do you have a \down on him? was hast du gegen ihn?
    3. AM FBALL Versuch m
    it's second \down es ist der zweite Versuch
    \down with taxes! weg mit den Steuern!
    \down with the dictator! nieder mit dem Diktator!
    down2
    [daʊn]
    I. n no pl
    1. (soft feathers) Daunen pl, Flaumfedern pl
    2. (soft hair or fluff) [Bart]flaum m, feine Härchen
    II. n modifier Daunen-
    \down jacket/quilt Daunenjacke f/-decke f
    down3
    [daʊn]
    n esp BRIT Hügelland nt, [baumloser] Höhenzug
    the \downs pl die Downs (an der Südküste Englands)
    * * *
    I [daʊn]
    1. ADVERB
    When down is an element in a phrasal verb, eg get down, sit down, stand down, write down, look up the verb.

    to jump down — herunter-/hinunterspringen

    on his way down from the summit — auf seinem Weg vom Gipfel herab/hinab

    down! (to dog)Platz! __diams; down with...! nieder mit...!

    down thereda unten

    I'll stay down here —

    it needs a bit of paint down at the bottomes muss unten herum neu gestrichen werden

    don't kick a man when he's down (fig)man soll jemanden nicht fertigmachen, wenn er schon angeschlagen ist or wenns ihm dreckig geht (inf)

    the sun was down —

    I'll be down in a minute —

    3)

    = to or in another place usu not translated he came down from London yesterday — er kam gestern aus London

    he's down in London/at his brother's — er ist in London/bei seinem Bruder

    we're going down to the seaside/to Dover — wir fahren an die See/nach Dover

    4)

    = below previous level his temperature is down —

    his shoes were worn down the price of meat is down on last week — seine Schuhe waren abgetragen der Fleischpreis ist gegenüber der letzten Woche gefallen

    interest rates are down to/by 3% — der Zinssatz ist auf/um 3% gefallen

    I'm £20 down on what I expected — ich habe £ 20 weniger als ich dachte

    he's down to his last £10 — er hat nur noch £ 10

    See:
    luck
    5)

    in writing I've got it down in my diary — ich habe es in meinem Kalender notiert

    let's get it down on paper — schreiben wir es auf, halten wir es schriftlich fest

    when you see it down on paperwenn man es schwarz auf weiß sieht

    6)

    indicating range or succession usu not translated from the biggest down — vom Größten angefangen

    from 1700 down to the present —

    7) indicating responsibility __diams; to be down to sb/sth (= caused by) an jdm/etw liegen
    8)

    as deposit to pay £20 down — £ 20 anzahlen

    I've put down a deposit on a new bike —

    2. PREPOSITION
    1)

    indicating movement downwards to go/come down the hill/the stairs etc — den Berg/die Treppe etc hinuntergehen/herunterkommen

    her hair fell loose down her backsie trug ihr Haar offen über die Schultern

    2)

    at a lower part of he's already halfway down the hill — er ist schon auf halbem Wege nach unten

    3)

    = along he was walking/coming down the street — er ging/kam die Straße entlang

    if you look down this road, you can see... — wenn Sie diese Straße hinunterblicken, können Sie... sehen

    4)

    = throughout down the centuries — durch die Jahrhunderte (hindurch)

    5)

    = to, in, at Brit inf he's gone down the pub — er ist in die Kneipe gegangen

    3. NOUN
    (= dislike) __diams; to have a down on sb (inf) jdn auf dem Kieker haben (inf)up
    See:
    up
    4. ADJECTIVE (inf)
    1)

    = depressed he was (feeling) a bit down — er fühlte sich ein wenig down (inf) or niedergeschlagen

    2)

    = not working to be down — außer Betrieb sein; (Comput) abgestürzt sein

    5. TRANSITIVE VERB
    opponent niederschlagen, zu Fall bringen; enemy planes abschießen, (he)runterholen (inf); (FTBL ETC, inf) player legen (inf); beer etc runterkippen or -schütten (inf) II
    n
    (= feathers) Daunen pl, Flaumfedern pl; (= fine hair) Flaum m III
    n usu pl (GEOG)
    Hügelland nt no pl
    * * *
    down1 [daʊn]
    A adv
    1. nach unten, herunter, hinunter, herab, hinab, ab-, niederwärts, zum Boden, zum Grund, (in Kreuzworträtseln) senkrecht:
    down from fort von, von … herab;
    paralysed from the waist down von der Hüfte abwärts gelähmt;
    down to bis hinunter oder hinab zu;
    down to our times bis in unsere Zeit;
    down to the last detail bis ins letzte Detail;
    down to the last man bis zum letzten Mann;
    from … down to von … bis hinunter zu;
    down to the ground umg vollständig, absolut, ganz und gar;
    suit sb down to the ground umg genau das Richtige für jemanden sein;
    a) über jemanden herfallen,
    b) jemanden auf dem Kieker haben umg
    2. nieder…: burn down, etc
    3. (in) bar, sofort:
    ten dollars down 10 Dollar (in) bar; pay down
    4. zu Papier, nieder…: take down 8, etc
    5. vorgemerkt, angesetzt:
    the bill is down for the third reading today heute steht die dritte Lesung der Gesetzesvorlage auf der Tagesordnung;
    be down for Friday für Freitag angesetzt sein
    6. von einer großen Stadt ( in England: von London) weg:
    go down to the country aufs Land fahren; go down 12
    7. besonders US
    a) zu einer großen Stadt hin
    b) zur Endstation hin
    c) ins Geschäftsviertel
    8. (nach Süden) hinunter
    9. a) mit dem Strom, flussabwärts
    b) mit dem Wind
    10. Br von der Universität: go down 10, send down 2
    11. nieder!:
    down with the capitalists! nieder mit den Kapitalisten!;
    down on your knees! auf die Knie (mit dir)!
    12. (dr)unten:
    down there dort unten;
    down under umg in oder nach Australien oder Neuseeland
    13. unten (im Hause), aufgestanden:
    he is not down yet er ist noch oben oder im Schlafzimmer
    14. untergegangen (Sonne)
    15. a) heruntergegangen, gefallen (Preise)
    b) billiger (Waren)
    16. gefallen (Thermometer etc):
    be down by 10 degrees um 10 Grad gefallen sein
    17. Br
    a) nicht in London
    b) nicht an der Universität
    18. a) nieder-, hingestreckt, am Boden (liegend)
    b) Boxen: am Boden, unten umg:
    down and out k. o., fig (auch physisch od psychisch) erledigt umg, ruiniert
    c) erschöpft, kaputt, fix und fertig (beide umg)
    d) deprimiert, niedergeschlagen, down umg: mouth A 1
    e) heruntergekommen, in elenden Verhältnissen (lebend): come down 4, heel1 Bes Redew
    f) außer Betrieb (Computer)
    19. bettlägerig:
    be down with influenza mit Grippe im Bett liegen
    20. SPORT (um Punkte etc) zurück:
    he was two points down er war oder lag 2 Punkte zurück;
    they are 1-4 down sie liegen mit 1:4 im Rückstand (to gegen)
    B adj
    1. nach unten oder abwärtsgerichtet, Abwärts…:
    a down jump ein Sprung nach unten
    2. unten befindlich
    3. deprimiert, niedergeschlagen
    4. Br von London abfahrend oder kommend (Zug):
    down platform Abfahrtsbahnsteig m (in London)
    5. besonders US
    a) in Richtung nach einer großen Stadt
    b) zum Geschäftsviertel (hin), in die Stadtmitte
    6. Bar…: down payment
    7. besonders US sl deprimierend
    C präp
    1. herunter, hinunter, herab, hinab, entlang:
    down the hill den Hügel hinunter;
    down the river den Fluss hinunter, flussab(wärts);
    down the middle durch die Mitte;
    down the street die Straße entlang oder hinunter
    2. (in derselben Richtung) mit:
    down the wind mit dem Wind
    3. a) hinunter in (akk)
    b) hinein in (akk)
    4. unten an (dat):
    further down the Rhine weiter unten am Rhein
    5. zeitlich: durch … (hindurch): age A 4
    D s
    1. fig
    a) Abstieg m
    b) Nieder-, Rückgang m
    2. Tiefpunkt m, -stand m
    3. Depression f, (seelischer) Tiefpunkt
    4. umg Groll m:
    have a down on sb jemanden auf dem Kieker haben
    5. downer 1
    E v/t
    1. zu Fall bringen ( auch SPORT und fig)
    2. niederschlagen
    3. niederlegen:
    down tools die Arbeit niederlegen, in den Streik treten
    4. ein Flugzeug abschießen, runterholen umg
    5. einen Reiter abwerfen
    6. umg ein Getränk runterkippen
    F v/i
    1. umg
    a) hinunterrutschen (Speise)
    b) (gut) schmecken
    2. besonders US sl Beruhigungsmittel nehmen
    down2 [daʊn] s
    1. ORN
    a) Daunen pl, flaumiges Gefieder:
    dead down Raufdaunen;
    live down Nestdaunen;
    down quilt Daunendecke f
    b) Daune f, Flaumfeder f:
    in the down noch nicht flügge
    2. ( auch Bart)Flaum m, feine Härchen pl
    3. BOT
    a) feiner Flaum
    b) haarige Samenkrone, Pappus m
    4. weiche, flaumige Masse
    down3 [daʊn] s
    1. obs
    a) Hügel m
    b) Sandhügel m, besonders Düne f
    2. pl waldloses, besonders grasbedecktes Hügelland:
    b) Reede an der Südostküste Englands, vor der Stadt Deal
    * * *
    I noun
    (Geog.) [baumloser] Höhenzug; in pl. Downs Pl. (an der Süd- und Südostküste Englands)
    II noun
    1) (of bird) Daunen Pl.; Flaum, der
    2) (hair) Flaum, der
    III 1. adverb
    1) (to lower place, to downstairs, southwards) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich); (in lift) abwärts; (in crossword puzzle) senkrecht

    [right] down to something — [ganz] bis zu etwas her-/hinunter

    go down to the shops/the end of the road — zu den Läden/zum Ende der Straße hinuntergehen

    2) (Brit.): (from capital) raus (bes. ugs.); heraus/hinaus (bes. schriftsprachlich)

    get down to Reading from London — von London nach Reading raus-/hinausfahren

    come down from Edinburgh to London — von Edinburgh nach London [he]runterkommen

    pay for something cash down — etwas [in] bar bezahlen

    4) (into prostration) nieder[fallen, -geschlagen werden]

    shout the place/house down — (fig.) schreien, dass die Wände zittern

    put a meeting down for 2 p.m. — ein Treffen für od. auf 14 Uhr ansetzen

    7) as int. runter! (bes. ugs.); (to dog) leg dich!; nieder!; (Mil.) hinlegen!

    down with imperialism/the president! — nieder mit dem Imperialismus/dem Präsidenten!

    8) (in lower place, downstairs, in fallen position, in south) unten

    low/lower down — tief/tiefer unten

    down there/here — da/hier unten

    down in Wales/in the country — weit weg in Wales/draußen auf dem Lande

    down south/east — (Amer.) in den Südstaaten/im Osten

    down [on the floor] — (Boxing) am Boden; auf den Brettern

    down and out (Boxing) k. o.; (fig.) fertig (ugs.)

    9) (prostrate) auf dem Fußboden/der Erde

    be down in writing/on paper/in print — niedergeschrieben/zu Papier gebracht/gedruckt sein

    11) (on programme) angesetzt [Termin, Treffen]
    12) (facing downwards, bowed) zu Boden

    be down (brought to the ground) am Boden liegen

    down [in the mouth] — niedergeschlagen

    14) (now cheaper) [jetzt] billiger
    15)

    be down to... — (have only... left) nichts mehr haben außer...

    we're down to our last £100 — wir haben nur noch 100 Pfund

    17) (including lower limit)

    from... down to... — von... bis zu... hinunter

    be three points/games down — mit drei Punkten/Spielen zurückliegen

    be down on one's luck — eine Pechsträhne haben. See also up 1.

    2. preposition
    1) (downwards along, from top to bottom of) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich)

    fall down the stairs/steps — die Treppe/Stufen herunterstürzen

    walk down the hill/road — den Hügel/die Straße heruntergehen

    3) (downwards into) rein in (+ Akk.) (bes. ugs.); hinein in (+ Akk.) (bes. schriftsprachlich)

    fall down a hole/ditch — in ein Loch/einen Graben fallen

    4) (downwards over) über (+ Akk.)

    spill water all down one's skirtsich (Dat.) Wasser über den Rock gießen

    go down the pub/disco — (Brit. coll.) in die Kneipe/Disko gehen

    further down the ladder/coast — weiter unten auf der Leiter/an der Küste

    9) (all over) überall auf (+ Dat.)

    I've got coffee [all] down my skirt — mein ganzer Rock ist voll Kaffee

    10) (Brit. coll.): (in, at)

    down the pub/café/town — in der Kneipe/im Café/in der Stadt

    3. adjective
    (directed downwards) nach unten führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach unten; nach unten gerichtet [Kolbenhub, Sog]; aus der Hauptstadt herausführend [Bahnlinie]
    4. transitive verb
    (coll.)
    1) (knock down) auf die Bretter schicken [Boxer]
    2) (drink down) leer machen (ugs.) [Flasche, Glas]; schlucken (ugs.) [Getränk]
    3)

    down tools (cease work) zu arbeiten aufhören; (take a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (go on strike) die Arbeit niederlegen

    4) (shoot down) abschießen, (ugs.) runterholen [Flugzeug]
    5. noun
    (coll.)

    have a down on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas auf dem Kieker haben (ugs.); see also up 4.

    •• Cultural note:
    Der Name einer Straße in Westminster im Zentrum von London. Das Haus mit der Nummer 10 in der Downing Street ist der offizielle Sitz des Premierministers und das mit der Nummer 11 der des Finanzministers. Unter Journalisten ist der Ausdruck Downing Street oder Number 10 gebräuchlich, wenn vom Amtssitz des Premierministers die Rede ist
    * * *
    (fluff) n.
    Flaum nur sing. m. (feathers) n.
    Daune -n f. adj.
    abwärts adj.
    herab adj.
    herunter adj.
    hinab adj.
    hinunter adj.
    nieder adj.
    rückwärts adj.
    unten adj.
    zusammengebrochen (alt.Rechtschreibung) adj.

    English-german dictionary > down

  • 8 Strutt, Jedediah

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 26 July 1726 South Normanton, near Alfreton, Derbyshire, England
    d. 7 May 1797 Derby, England
    [br]
    English inventor of a machine for making ribbed knitting.
    [br]
    Jedediah Strutt was the second of three sons of William, a small farmer and maltster at South Normanton, near Alfreton, Derbyshire, where the only industry was a little framework knitting. At the age of 14 Jedediah was apprenticed to Ralph Massey, a wheelwright near Derby, and lodged with the Woollats, whose daughter Elizabeth he later married in 1755. He moved to Leicester and in 1754 started farming at Blackwell, where an uncle had died and left him the stock on his farm. It was here that he made his knitting invention.
    William Lee's knitting machine remained in virtually the same form as he left it until the middle of the eighteenth century. The knitting industry moved away from London into the Midlands and in 1730 a Nottingham workman, using Indian spun yarn, produced the first pair of cotton hose ever made by mechanical means. This industry developed quickly and by 1750 was providing employment for 1,200 frameworkers using both wool and cotton in the Nottingham and Derby areas. It was against this background that Jedediah Strutt obtained patents for his Derby rib machine in 1758 and 1759.
    The machine was a highly ingenious mechanism, which when placed in front of an ordinary stocking frame enabled the fashionable ribbed stockings to be made by machine instead of by hand. To develop this invention, he formed a partnership first with his brother-in-law, William Woollat, and two leading Derby hosiers, John Bloodworth and Thomas Stamford. This partnership was dissolved in 1762 and another was formed with Woollat and the Nottingham hosier Samuel Need. Strutt's invention was followed by a succession of innovations which enabled framework knitters to produce almost every kind of mesh on their machines. In 1764 the stocking frame was adapted to the making of eyelet holes, and this later lead to the production of lace. In 1767 velvet was made on these frames, and two years later brocade. In this way Strutt's original invention opened up a new era for knitting. Although all these later improvements were not his, he was able to make a fortune from his invention. In 1762 he was made a freeman of Nottingham, but by then he was living in Derby. His business at Derby was concerned mainly with silk hose and he had a silk mill there.
    It was partly his need for cotton yarn and partly his wealth which led him into partnership with Richard Arkwright, John Smalley and David Thornley to exploit Arkwright's patent for spinning cotton by rollers. Together with Samuel Need, they financed the Arkwright partnership in 1770 to develop the horse-powered mill in Nottingham and then the water-powered mill at Cromford. Strutt gave advice to Arkwright about improving the machinery and helped to hold the partnership together when Arkwright fell out with his first partners. Strutt was also involved, in London, where he had a house, with the parliamentary proceedings over the passing of the Calico Act in 1774, which opened up the trade in British-manufactured all-cotton cloth.
    In 1776 Strutt financed the construction of his own mill at Helper, about seven miles (11 km) further down the Derwent valley below Cromford. This was followed by another at Milford, a little lower on the river. Strutt was also a partner with Arkwright and others in the mill at Birkacre, near Chorley in Lancashire. The Strutt mills were developed into large complexes for cotton spinning and many experiments were later carried out in them, both in textile machinery and in fireproof construction for the mills themselves. They were also important training schools for engineers.
    Elizabeth Strutt died in 1774 and Jedediah never married again. The family seem to have lived frugally in spite of their wealth, probably influenced by their Nonconformist background. He had built a house near the mills at Milford, but it was in his Derby house that Jedediah died in 1797. By the time of his death, his son William had long been involved with the business and became a more important cotton spinner than Jedediah.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1758. British patent no. 722 (Derby rib machine). 1759. British patent no. 734 (Derby rib machine).
    Further Reading
    For the involvement of Strutt in Arkwright's spinning ventures, there are two books, the earlier of which is R.S.Fitton and A.P.Wadsworth, 1958, The Strutts and the Arkwrights, 1758–1830, Manchester, which has most of the details about Strutt's life. This has been followed by R.S.Fitton, 1989, The Arkwrights, Spinners of Fortune, Manchester.
    R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester (for a general background to the textile industry of the period).
    W.Felkin, 1967, History of the Machine-wrought Hosiery and Lace Manufactures, reprint, Newton Abbot (orig. pub. 1867) (covers Strutt's knitting inventions).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Strutt, Jedediah

  • 9 Chronology

      15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.
      400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.
      202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.
      137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.
      410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.
      714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.
      1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.
      1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.
      1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.
      1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.
      1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).
      1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.
      1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.
      1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.
      1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.
      1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.
      1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.
      1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.
      1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.
      1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.
      1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.
      1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.
      1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.
      1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.
      1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.
      1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.
      1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.
      1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).
      1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.
      1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.
      1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.
      1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.
       King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.
       King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.
      1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.
      1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.
      1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.
       Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.
       Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.
       Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.
      1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.
      1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.
      1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.
      1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.
      1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.
      1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.
      1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.
      1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.
      1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.
      1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.
      1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.
      1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.
      1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.
      1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.
      1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.
      1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.
      1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.
      1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.
      1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.
      1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.
      1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.
      1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.
      1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.
      1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.
      1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.
       Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.
       King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.
      1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence of
       Brazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.
       Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.
       King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.
      1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.
      1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.
      1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.
      1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.
      1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.
      1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.
       January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.
       Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.
      1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.
      1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.
      1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.
      1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.
      1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.
       May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.
       March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.
       Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.
      1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.
      1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January
      1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.
      1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."
       28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.
       February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.
       April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.
      1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.
      1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."
      1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.
       6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.
       8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.
      1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.
      1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.
      1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
       January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.
      1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.
      1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.
      1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.
       March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.
       March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.
      1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July
      1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.
      1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).
      1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.
      1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.
       January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.
       January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.
       November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.
       October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.
       January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.
       May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.
       October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.
       January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).
       United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.
       January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.
       1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
       May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.
       June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.
       February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.
       January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.
       July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.
      2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Chronology

  • 10 Sebastião I, king

    (1554-1578)
       The king of Portugal whose disappearance and death in battle in Morocco in 1578 led to a succession crisis and to Spain's annexation of Portugal in 1580. He is the person after whom the cult and mythology of Sebastianism is named. Sebastião succeeded to the throne of Portugal at the tender age of three, upon the death of his father King João III in 1557. With his great-uncle Cardinal Henrique, he was the only other surviving legitimate male member of the Aviz dynasty. The Spanish menace loomed on Portugal's eastern horizons, as Phillip II of Spain gathered more reasons to make good his own strong claims to the Portuguese throne. A headstrong youth, Sebastião dreamed of glory in battle against the Muslims and was certainly influenced by the example of the feats of Phillip II's half-brother Don Juan of Austria and the naval victory against the Turks at Lepanto in 1571.
       Sebastião's great project was a victory in Africa, and he ordered a major effort to raise a fleet and army to attack Morocco. His forces landed at Tangier and Arzila and marched to meet the Muslim armies. In early August 1578, at the battle of Alcácer- Quivir, Portugal's army was destroyed by Muslim forces, and the king himself was lost. Although he was undoubtedly killed, his body was never found. The result of this foolhardy enterprise changed the course of Portugal's history and gave rise to the cult and myth that Sebastião survived and would return one foggy morning to make Portugal great once again.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Sebastião I, king

  • 11 efter

    1. adv
    пото́м, зате́м

    dágen éfter — день спустя́

    2. konj

    éfter at... — по́сле того́, как...

    * * *
    after, afterwards, at, behind, following, of, on, subsequent to
    * * *
    I. præp
    a) ( om tid) after ( fx after Christmas; after 3 o'clock);
    b) ( bag ved) after ( fx he ran after the bus); behind ( fx he was a long way behind the others);
    c) ( om rækkefølge) after ( fx B comes after A);
    d) ( i følge, i overensstemmelse med) according to ( fx orders from above, the rule, a system; it went according to plan; according to my watch it is 5 o'clock); on ( fx it was done on his instructions; act on his advice (, orders); the bus stops on request); to ( fx to my taste; made to order);
    e) ( i retning efter) at ( fx shoot at, throw stones at);
    f) ( for at tilkalde, opnå etc) for ( fx send, write, telephone, long for somebody el. something; he went into the shop for some cigarettes); g) ( på grundlag af) by ( fx by this rule; sell by weight; set your watch by the church clock),
    (se også d);
    h) ( om oprindelse, forbillede) from ( fx inherit something from an uncle; recite a poem from memory; learn something from a book; draw from nature);
    i) [ Udtryk]
    [ efter at han havde skrevet, efter at have skrevet] after he had written, after having written, after writing;
    [ den ene efter den anden] one after another; in succession;
    [ efter hvad jeg har hørt] from (el. according to) what I have heard;
    [ efter som] as;
    [ alt efter som] according as;
    (forb med verber, se disse, fx gribe, komme, sige, slå, være).
    II. adv later ( fx a little (, three days) later), afterwards ( fx
    immediately (, shortly, soon) afterwards), after;
    [ året efter] the following year, the year after;
    [ dagen efter] the next day, the following day;
    (forb med verber, se disse).

    Danish-English dictionary > efter

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